Šišky (rod)
Šišky ( lat. Conus ) - nejpočetnější rod dravých plžů z čeledi šišovitých . Má přes 600 druhů [1] .
Popis
Měkkýši rodu Conus mají absolutně kuželovitou schránku s hladkým středovým tělem ( Columella ) a protáhlou, tenkou, rovnou, nezubou tlamu. Na vrcholu tohoto kužele, ze kterého vychází sifon , je hlava hlemýždě. Operkulum je malé.
Druhy se velmi liší velikostí, barvou a vzorem. Největší exempláře dosahují délky až 23 cm.
Distribuce
Rozšířený v tropických a subtropických mořích. Rod dosahuje nejvyšší druhové diverzity v západní části indo-pacifické oblasti. Několik druhů se vyskytuje v mírných zeměpisných šířkách u pobřeží Jižní Afriky [2] [3] , ve Středozemním moři ( Conus mediterraneus ) [4] a u pobřeží jižní Kalifornie ( Conus californicus ) [5] . Ve střední Evropě žádná. Druhy rodu Conus obývají různé pobřežní oblasti až po hlubší oblasti s písčitým, skalnatým dnem nebo korálovými útesy.
Reprodukce
Měkkýši jsou dvoudomí. Muž má zatažitelný penis. Samice má na noze žlázu, pomocí které se tvoří tobolky vajíček. Nahoře po noze vajíčka padají do otvoru této žlázy. Vaječné kapsle jsou připevněny k pevné základně. V jedné vaječné tobolce bylo v závislosti na druhu a jedinci napočítáno od 40 do 11 400 vajíček. Většina vajíček se stává larvami. V tobolce trvá trochoforová fáze 2–6 dní, po 6–10 dnech následuje fáze veliger . Larvy veligeru se líhnou asi za 2 týdny. V laboratoři nežili déle než 9 dní. U druhu Conus pennaceus dochází k metamorfóze již první den líhnutí . Radula mladých měkkýšů se liší od dospělých plžů [6] .
Jídlo
Všechny druhy kuželů jsou dravci, zabíjejí svou kořist jedem ( conotoxin ), který je vstříknut do těla oběti pomocí radulova harpunovitého zubu. Měkkýš vnímá blízkou kořist chemicky pomocí osphradia , které je zvláště dobře vyvinuté v šiškách. Mrcha nezpůsobila u zkoumaných měkkýšů na rozdíl od živé kořisti vyhledávací reakce. Jedovatý zub se používá pouze jednou. Po neúspěšném pokusu o útok je odmítnut, nebo pohlcen spolu s kořistí [7] . Mnoho druhů šišek se živí mnohoštětinatci . Existuje několik druhů šišek, které se specializují na krmení měkkýšů nebo ryb. Tyto druhy mají zvláště rychle působící jedy, které brání kořisti v úniku. Conus striatus [7] , Conus catus [7] , Conus magus [8] a Conus geographus [9] se živí rybami, zatímco Conus marmoreus [10] a Conus textile [11] se živí měkkýši. U druhu Conus magus bylo pozorováno, že mláďata, která jsou na lov ryb ještě příliš malá, se živí malými mnohoštětinatci, zatímco ryby se stávají kořistí dospělých jedinců.
Přirození nepřátelé
Vajíčka a larvy šišek se stávají kořistí ryb, dalším možným nepřítelem mláďat jsou hvězdice a křehké hvězdice . Dospělí měkkýši mají málo nepřátel. Před predátory se brání svými jedovatými harpunami, stejně jako před lidmi. Hvězdice se šiškami v laboratorním testu živily jen výjimečně, měkkýši rodu Cymatium šišky opakovaně napadali [6] .
Druh
Podle Světového registru mořských druhů rod zahrnuje 748 druhů [12] :
- Conus abbas Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus abbreviatus Reeve, 1843
- Conus abrolhosensis Petuch, 1987
- Conus achatinus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus aculeiformis Reeve, 1844
- Conus acutangulus Lamarck, 1810
- Conus acutimarginatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1866
- Conus Adami Wils, 1988
- Conus adamsonii Broderip , 1836
- Conus advertex (Garrard, 1961)
- Conus aemulus Reeve, 1844
- Conus africanus Kiener, 1845
- Conus alabastrový Reeve, 1849
- Conus alainallaryi Bozzetti & Monnier, 2009
- Conus albellus Rockel & Korn, 1990
- Conus albuquerquei Trovao, 1978
- Conus alconnelli da Motta, 1986
- Conus alexandrei (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2012)
- Conus algoensis Sowerby I, 1834
- Conus alisi Moolenbeek, Röckel & Richard, 1995
- Conus allamandi (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus allaryi Bozzetti, 2008
- Conus amadis Gmelin, 1791
- Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844
- Conus ammiralis Linné, 1758
- Conus amphiurgus Dall, 1889
- Conus amplus Rockel & Korn, 1992
- Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865
- Conus anabelae Rolán & Röckel, 2001
- Conus anaglypticus Crosse, 1865
- Conus andamanensis E. A. Smith, 1879
- Conus andremenezi Olivera & Biggs, 2010
- Conus sasanka Lamarck, 1810
- Conus angasi Tryon, 1884
- Conus angioiorum Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1992
- Conus anthonyi (Petuch, 1975)
- Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990
- Conus aphrodite Petuch, 1979
- Conus aplustre Reeve, 1843
- Conus araneosus sensu Lightfoot, 1786
- Conus arangoi Sarasua, 1977
- Conus archetypus Crosse, 1865
- Conus archon Broderip, 1833
- Conus arcuatus Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829
- Conus ardisiaceus Kiener, 1845
- Conus arenatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus aristophanes G. B. Sowerby II, 1857
- Pásovec Conus Shikama, 1971
- Conus armiger Crosse, 1858
- Conus articulatus Sowerby II, 1873
- Conus artoptus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus asiaticus da Motta, 1985
- Conus ateralbus Kiener, 1845
- Conus athenae Filmer, 2011
- Conus atimovatae (Bozzetti, 2012)
- Conus atlanticoselvagem Afonso & Tenorio, 2004
- Conus attenuatus Reeve, 1844
- Conus augur Lightfoot, 1786
- Conus aulicus Linné, 1758
- Conus aurantius Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus auratinus da Motta, 1982
- Conus aureonimbosus Petuch, 1987
- Conus aureus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus auricomus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus aurisiacus Linné, 1758
- Conus australis Holten, 1802
- Conus austroviola Rockel & Korn, 1992
- Conus axelrodi Walls, 1978
- Conus babaensis Rolán & Röckel, 2001
- Conus baccatus G. B. Sowerby III, 1877
- Conus baeri Rockel & Korn, 1992
- Conus baileyi Röckel & da Motta, 1979
- Conus bairstowi Sowerby III, 1889
- Conus bajanensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
- Conus balabacensis Filmer, 2012
- Conus balteatus Sowerby II, 1833
- Conus bandanus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus barbieri G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1995
- Conus barthelemyi Bernardi, 1861
- Conus bartschi G. D. Hanna & Strong, 1949
- Conus bayani Jousseaume, 1872
- Conus bayeri Petuch, 1987
- Conus beatrix Tenorio, Poppe & Tagaro, 2007
- Conus beddomei G. B. Sowerby III, 1901
- Conus belairensis Pin & Leung Tack v Pin, 1989
- Conus belizeanus (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
- Conus bellocqae van Rossum, 1996
- Conus bellulus Rolán, 1990
- Conus bengalensis (Okutani, 1968)
- Conus berdulinus Veillard, 1972
- Conus bertarollae Costa & Simone, 1997
- Conus bessei Petuch, 1992
- Conus betulinus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus biancae Bozzetti, 2010
- Conus biliosus (Röding, 1798)
- Conus binghamae Petuch, 1987
- Conus biraghii (G. Raybaudi, 1992)
- Conus blanfordianus Crosse, 1867
- Conus boavistensis Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
- Conus bocagei Trovao, 1978
- Conus boeticus Reeve, 1844
- Conus boholensis Petuch, 1979
- Conus bondarevi Röckel & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992
- Conus bonfigliolii (Bozzetti, 2010)
- Conus borgesi Trovao, 1979
- Conus boschorum Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993
- Conus boucheti Richard, 1983
- Conus boutetorum Richard & Rabiller, 2013
- Conus bozzetti Lauer, 1991
- Conus brasiliensis Clench, 1942
- Conus brianhayesi Korn, 2001
- Conus broderipii Reeve, 1844
- Conus bruguieri Kiener, 1846
- Conus brunneofilaris Petuch, 1990
- Conus brunneus Wood, 1828
- Conus bruuni Powell, 1958
- Conus bulbus Reeve, 1843
- Conus bullatus Linné, 1758
- Conus buniatus (Bozzetti, 2013)
- Conus burryae Clench, 1942
- Conus buxeus (Röding, 1798)
- Conus byssinus (Röding, 1798)
- Conus cacao Ferrario, 1983
- Conus caillaudii Kiener, 1845
- Conus cakobaui Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus calhetae Rolán, 1990
- Conus californicus Reeve, 1844
- Conus cancellatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus canonicus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus capitanellus Fulton, 1938
- Conus capitaneus Linné, 1758
- Conus capreolus Rockel, 1985
- Conus caracteristicus Fischer von Waldheim, 1807
- Conus cardinalis Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus cargilei Coltro, 2004
- Conus caribbaeus Clench, 1942
- Conus carioca Petuch, 1986
- Conus carnalis G. B. Sowerby III, 1879
- Conus catus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus cebuensis Wils, 1990
- Conus cedonulli Linnaeus, 1767
- Conus centurio Narozen 1778
- Conus cepasi Trovao, 1975
- Conus ceruttii Cargile, 1997
- Conus cervus Lamarck, 1822
- Conus chaldaeus (Röding, 1798)
- Conus chiangi (Azuma, 1972)
- Conus chiapponorum Lorenz, 2004
- Conus chytreus Tryon, 1884
- Conus ciderryi da Motta, 1985
- Conus cinereus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus cingulatus Lamarck, 1810
- Conus circumactus Iredale, 1929
- Conus circumcisus Narozen 1778
- Conus clarus E. A. Smith, 1881
- Conus claudiae Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
- Conus clerii Reeve, 1844
- Conus cloveri Walls, 1978
- Conus cocceus Reeve, 1844
- Conus coccineus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus coelinae Crosse, 1858
- Conus coffeae Gmelin, 1791
- Conus coletteae (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus colmani Rockel & Korn, 1990
- Conus colombi (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012)
- Conus colombianus Petuch, 1987
- Conus comatosa Pilsbry, 1904
- Conus compressus G. B. Sowerby II, 1866
- Conus consors G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus corallinus Kiener, 1845
- Conus coriolisi Röckel, Richard & Moolenbeek, 1995
- Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus crioulus Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
- Conus crocatus Lamarck, 1810
- Conus crotchii Reeve, 1849
- Conus cumingii Reeve, 1848
- Conus cuna Petuch, 1998
- Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843
- Conus curassaviensis Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus curralensis Rolán, 1986
- Conus cuvieri Crosse, 1858
- Conus cyanostoma A. Adams, 1855
- Conus cylindraceus Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1830
- Conus dalli Stearns, 1873
- Conus damasoi Cossignani, 2007
- Conus damottai Trovao, 1979
- Conus dampierensis Coomans & Filmer, 1985
- Conus danilai Rockel & Korn, 1990
- Conus daphne Boivin, 1864
- Conus darkini Rockel , Korn & Richard, 1993
- Conus daucus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus dayriti Röckel & da Motta, 1983
- Conus decoratus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
- Conus dedonderi (Goethaels & D. Monsecour, 2013)
- Conus delanoyae Trovão , 1979
- Conus delessertii Recluz, 1843
- Conus delucai Coltro, 2004
- Conus denizi (Afonso & Tenorio, 2011)
- Conus derrubado Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
- Conus desidiosus A. Adams, 1853
- Conus deynzerorum Petuch, 1995
- Conus diadema G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
- Conusův diktátor Melvill, 1898
- Conus dieteri Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus diminutus Trovão & Rolán, 1986
- Conus dispar G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus distans Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus dondani Kosuge, 1981
- Conus dorotheae Monnier & Limpalaër, 2010
- Conus dorreensis Peron , 1807
- Conus duffyi Petuch, 1992
- Conus dusaveli (H. Adams, 1872)
- Conus ebraeus Linné, 1758
- Conus eburneus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus echinophilus (Petuch, 1975)
- Conus edaphus Dall, 1910
- Conus ednae (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus edwardpauli Petuch, 1998
- Conus eldredi Morrison, 1955
- Conus elegans G. B. Sowerby III, 1895
- Conus eleutheraensis (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus elokismenos Kilburn, 1975
- Conus emaciatus Reeve, 1849
- Conus emarginatus Reeve, 1844
- Conus emersoni G. D. Hanna, 1963
- Conus empressae Lorenz, 2001
- Conus encaustus Kiener, 1845
- Conus episcopatus da Motta, 1982
- Conus ermineus Narozen 1778
- Conus erythraeensis Reeve, 1843
- Conus escondidai Poppe & Tagaro, 2005
- Conus estivali Moolenbeek & Richard, 1995
- Conus eucoronatus Sowerby III, 1903
- Conus eugrammatus Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
- Conus eversoni Petuch, 1987
- Conus evorai Monteiro, Fernandes & Rolán, 1995
- Conus excelsus G. B. Sowerby III, 1908
- Conus exiguus Lamarck, 1810
- Conus eximius Reeve, 1849
- Conus explorer Vink, 1990
- Conus exumaensis (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus fantasmalis Rolán, 1990
- Conus felitae Rolán, 1990
- Conus felix Fenzan, 2012
- Conus fenzani (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
- Conus fergusoni G. B. Sowerby II, 1873
- Conus fernandesi Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008
- Conus ferrugineus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus figulinus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus fijiensis Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus fijisulcatus Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus filmeri Rolán & Röckel, 2000
- Conus fischoederi Röckel & da Motta, 1983
- Flamingo Conus Petuch, 1980
- Conus flammeacolor Petuch, 1992
- Conus flavescens G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
- Conus flavidus Lamarck, 1810
- Conus flavus Rockel, 1985
- Conus flavusalbus Rolán & Röckel, 2000
- Conus floccatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1841
- Conus floridulus A. Adams & Reeve, 1848
- Conus fluviamaris (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
- Conus fontonae Rolán & Trovão, 1990
- Conus fragilissimus Petuch, 1979
- Conus franciscoi Rolán & Röckel, 2000
- Conus frausseni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
- Conus frigidus Reeve, 1848
- Conus fulmen Reeve, 1843
- Conus fumigatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus furnae Rolán, 1990
- Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
- Conus fuscoflavus Röckel , Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
- Conus fuscolineatus G. B. Sowerby III, 1905
- Conus gabelishi da Motta & Ninomiya, 1982
- Conus gabrielae Rolán & Röckel, 2000
- Conus garciai da Motta, 1982
- Conus garywilsoni Lorenz & Morrison, 2004
- Conus gauguini Richard & Salvat, 1973
- Conus generalis Linné, 1767
- Conus genuanus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus geographus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus gigasulcatus Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus gilberti (Bozzetti, 2012)
- Conus giorossii Bozzetti, 2005
- Conus gladiátor Broderip, 1833
- Conus glans Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus glaucus Linné, 1758
- Conus glenni Petuch, 1993
- Conus glicksteini Petuch, 1987
- Conus gloriakiiensis Kuroda & Itô, 1961
- Conus gloriamaris Chemnitz, 1777
- Conus glorioceanus Poppe & Tagaro, 2009
- Conus gondwanensis Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995
- Conus gordyi Röckel & Bondarev, 2000
- Conus goudeyi (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012)
- Conus gradatulus Weinkauff, 1875
- Conus gradatus W. Wood, 1828
- Conus grahami Röckel , Cosel & Burnay, 1980
- Conus grangeri G. B. Sowerby III, 1900
- Conus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus granum Röckel & Fischöder, 1985
- Conus gratacapii Pilsbry, 1904
- Conus grohi Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
- Conus guanche Lauer, 1993
- Guvernér Conus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus guidopoppei Raybaudi Massilia, 2005
- Conus guinaicus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus guyanensis Van Mol, 1973
- Conus habui Lan, 2002
- Conus hamamotoi Yoshiba & Koyama, 1984
- Conus hamanni Fainzilber & Mienis, 1986
- Conus hanshassi (Lorenz & Barbier, 2012)
- Conus harlandi Petuch, 1987
- Conus havanensis Aguayo & Farfante, 1947
- Conus helgae Blöcher, 1992
- Conus henckesi Coltro, 2004
- Conus hennequini Petuch, 1993
- Conus hieroglyphus Duclos, 1833
- Conus hirasei (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus hivanus Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus honkeri Petuch, 1988
- Conus hopwoodi Tomlin, 1937
- Conus Howelli Iredale, 1929
- Conus hunti Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
- Conus hyaena Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus hybridus Kiener, 1845
- Conus iansa Petuch, 1979
- Conus ichinoseanus (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus ignotus Cargile, 1998
- Conus iheringi Frenguelli, 1946
- Conus ikedai Ninomiya, 1987
- Conus immelmani Korn, 1998
- Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus inconstans E. A. Smith, 1877
- Conus infinitus Rolán, 1990
- Conus infrenatus Reeve, 1848
- Conus inscriptus Reeve, 1845
- Conus insculptus Kiener, 1847
- Conus iodostoma Reeve, 1843
- Conus ione Fulton, 1938
- Conus nepravidelnis G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
- Conus isabelarum Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
- Conus jacarusoi Petuch, 1998
- Conus janowskyae (Tucker & Tenorio, 2011)
- Conus janus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus jeanmartini G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992
- Conus jeffreyi (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
- Conus jickelii Weinkauff, 1873
- Conus joliveti Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus jorioi (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus josephinae Rolán, 1980
- Conus jourdani da Motta, 1984
- Conus jucundus G. B. Sowerby III, 1887
- Conus judaeus Bergh, 1895
- Conus julieandreae Cargile, 1995
- Conus julii Lienard, 1870
- Conus kaiserae (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
- Conus kalafuti da Motta, 1987
- Conus kanakinus Richard, 1983
- Conus kawamurai Habe, 1962
- Conus kersteni Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008
- Conus kerstitchi Walls, 1978
- Conus kevani Petuch, 1987
- Conus kiicumulus (Azuma, 1982)
- Conus kimioi (Habe, 1965)
- Conus kinoshitai (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus kintoki Habe & Kosuge, 1970
- Conus klemae (bavlna, 1953)
- Conus knudseni Sander, 1982
- Conus kohni McLean & Nybakken, 1979
- Conus corni G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993
- Conus kostini Filmer, Monteiro, Lorenz & Verdasca, 2012
- Conus kremerorum Petuch, 1988
- Conus kuiperi Moolenbeek, 2006
- Conus kulkulcan Petuch, 1980
- Conus kuroharai (Habe, 1965)
- Conus lamberti Souverbie, 1877
- Conus lani Crandall, 1979
- Conus laterculatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1870
- Conus laueri (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2013)
- Conus lecourtorum (Lorenz, 2011)
- Conus leekremi Petuch, 1987
- Conus legatus Lamarck, 1810
- Conus lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
- Conus lenavati da Motta & Röckel, 1982
- Conus lenhilli Cargile, 1998
- Conus lentiginosus Reeve, 1844
- Conus leobottonii Lorenz, 2006
- Conus leobrerai da Motta & Martin, 1982
- Conus leopardus (Röding, 1798)
- Conus levis (Bozzetti, 2012)
- Conus levistimpsoni (Tucker, 2013)
- Conus leviteni (Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011)
- Conus lienardi Bernardi & Crosse, 1861
- Conus lightbourni Petuch, 1986
- Conus limpusi Rockel & Korn, 1990
- Conus lindae Petuch, 1987
- Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875
- Conus litoglyphus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus litteratus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus lividus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus lizardensis Crosse, 1865
- Conus lizarum (G. Raybaudi Massilia & da Motta, 1992)
- Conus locumtenens Blumenbach, 1791
- Conus lohri Kilburn, 1972
- Conus longilineus Röckel , Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
- Conus longurionis Kiener, 1850
- Conus lorenzi (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012)
- Conus loyaltiensis Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995
- Conus lozeti Richard, 1980
- Conus lucasi (Bozzetti, 2010)
- Conus luciae Moolenbeek, 1986
- Conus lucidus W. Wood, 1828
- Conus lugubris Reeve, 1849
- Conus luquei Rolán & Trovão, 1990
- Conus luteus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus lynceus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
- Conus mackintoshi (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus madagascariensis G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
- Conus madecassinus (Bozzetti, 2012)
- Conus magellanicus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus magnificus Reeve, 1843
- Conus magnotei Petuch, 1987
- Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus mahogani Reeve, 1843
- Conus maioensis Trovão , Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990
- Conus malacanus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus mappa Lightfoot, 1786
- Conus marchionatus Hinds, 1843
- Conus marielae Rehder & Wilson, 1975
- Conus marmoreus Linné, 1758
- Conus martensi E. A. Smith, 1884
- Conus mauricioi Coltro, 2004
- Conus maya (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
- Conus mayaguensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
- Conus mazei Deshayes, 1874
- Conus mcbridei Lorenz, 2005
- Conus mcgintyi Pilsbry, 1955
- Conus medoci Lorenz, 2004
- Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008
- Conus melvilli G. B. Sowerby III, 1879
- Conus memiae (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
- Conus mercator Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus merleti Mayissian, 1974
- Conus messiasi Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
- Conus micropunctatus Rolán & Röckel, 2000
- Conus miles Linné, 1758
- Conus milesi E. A. Smith, 1887
- Conus miliaris Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume, 1894
- Conus mindanus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus miniexcelsus Olivera & Biggs, 2010
- Conus minnamurra (Garrard, 1961)
- Conus miruchae Röckel , Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
- Conus mitratus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus moluccensis Kuster, 1838
- Conus monachus Linné, 1758
- Conus monile Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus monilifer Broderip, 1833
- Conus moolenbeeki Filmer, 2011
- Conus mordeirae Rolán & Trovão, 1990
- Conus moreleti Crosse, 1858
- Conus morrisoni G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1991
- Conus mozambicus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus mucronatus Reeve, 1843
- Conus mulderi Fulton, 1936
- Conus muriculatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus mus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus musicus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus mustelinus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus namocanus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus nanus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus naranjus Trovao, 1975
- Conus natalis Sowerby II, 1858
- Conus navarroi Rolán, 1986
- Conus neoguttatus da Motta, 1991
- Conus neptunus Reeve, 1843
- Conus niederhoeferi (Monnier, Limpalaër & Lorenz, 2012)
- Conus nielsenae Marsh, 1962
- Conus nigromaculatus Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1992
- Conus nimbosus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus nobilis Linné, 1758
- Conus nobrei Trovao, 1975
- Conus nocturnus Lightfoot, 1786
- Conus nodulosus G. B. Sowerby II, 1864
- Conus novaehollandiae A. Adams, 1855
- Conus nucleus Reeve, 1848
- Conus nussatella Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus nux Broderip, 1833
- Conus nybakkeni (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
- Conus obscurus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus ochroleucus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus oishii (Shikama, 1977)
- Conus oleiniki (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus olgae Bacallado, Espinosa & Ortea, 2007
- Conus olgiatii Bozzetti, 2007
- Conus omaria Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus orbignyi Audouin, 1831
- Conus orion Broderip, 1833
- Conus ortneri Petuch, 1998
- Conus ostrinus (Tucker & Tenorio, 2011)
- Conus otohimeae Kuroda & Itô, 1961
- Conus pacei Petuch, 1987
- Conus pacificus Moolenbeek & Röckel, 1996
- Conus pagodus Kiener, 1845
- Conus papilliferus G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
- Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1982
- Conus paraguana Petuch, 1987
- Conus parascalaris Petuch, 1987
- Conus parius Reeve, 1844
- Conus parvatus Walls, 1979
- Conus patae Abbott, 1971
- Conus patglicksteinae Petuch, 1987
- Conus patricius Hinds, 1843
- Conus paukstisi (Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011)
- Conus paulae Petuch, 1988
- Conus paulucciae G. B. Sowerby III, 1887
- Conus pauperculus G. B. Sowerby II, 1834
- Conus pealii Green, 1830
- Conus peli Moolenbeek, 1996
- Conus penchaszadehi Petuch, 1986
- Conus pennaceus Narozen 1778
- Conus pepeiu Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus pergrandis (Iredale, 1937)
- Conus perplexus G. B. Sowerby II, 1857
- Conus perprotractus Petuch, 1987
- Conus pertusus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus pfluegeri Petuch, 2003
- Conus philippi Kiener, 1845
- Conus pica A. Adams & Reeve, 1848
- Conus pictus Reeve, 1843
- Conus pineaui Pin & Leung Tack, 1989
- Conus planorbis Narozen 1778
- Conus platensis Frenguelli, 1946 †
- Conus plinthis Richard & Moolenbeek, 1988
- Conus polongimarumai Kosuge, 1980
- Conus poormani Berry, 1968
- Conus portobeloensis Petuch, 1990
- Conus poulosi Petuch, 1993
- Conus praecellens A. Adams, 1855
- Conus pretiosus G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874
- Conus primus Rockel & Korn, 1990
- Conus princeps Linné, 1758
- Conus priscai (Bozzetti, 2012)
- Conus profundorum (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus proximus G. B. Sowerby II, 1860
- Conus pseudaurantius Vink & Cosel, 1985
- Conus pseudimperialis Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel , Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
- Conus pseudokimioi da Motta & Martin, 1982
- Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
- Conus pseudorbignyi Röckel & Lan, 1981
- Conus pulcher (Lightfoot), 1786
- Conus pulicarius Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus puncticulatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus purissimus Filmer, 2011
- Conus purpurascens G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus pusio Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus queenslandis da Motta, 1984
- Conus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786
- Conus quiquandoni Lorenz & Barbier, 2008
- Conus rachelae Petuch, 1988
- Conus radiatus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus rainesae McGinty, 1953
- Conus ranonganus da Motta, 1978
- Conus raoulensis Powell, 1958
- Conus rattus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus raulsilvai Rolán, Monteiro & Fernandes, 1998
- Conus rawaiensis da Motta, 1978
- Conus reclusianus Bernardi, 1853
- Conus recurvus Broderip, 1833
- Conus reductaspiralis Walls, 1979
- Conus regius Gmelin, 1791
- Conus regonae Rolán & Trovão, 1990
- Conus regularis G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus retifer Menke, 1829
- Conus richardbinghami Petuch, 1993
- Conus richardsae Röckel & Korn, 1992
- Conus richeri Richard & Moolenbeek, 1988
- Conus ritae Petuch, 1995
- Conus rizali Olivera & Biggs, 2010
- Conus roatanensis (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
- Conus Roberti Richard, 2009
- Conus robini (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2012)
- Conus roeckeli Rolán, 1980
- Conus rolani Rockel , 1986
- Conus rosalindensis Petuch, 1998
- Conus rosemaryae Petuch, 1990
- Conus roseorapum G. Raybaudi & da Motta, 1990
- Conus royaikeni (SG Veldsman, 2010)
- Conus rufimaculosus Macpherson, 1959
- Conus ruthae (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2013)
- Conus rutilus Menke, 1843
- Conus saecularis Melvill, 1898
- Conus sagei Korn & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993
- Conus sahlbergi da Motta & Harland, 1986
- Conus salreiensis Rolán, 1980
- Conus salzmanni G. Raybaudi-Massilia & Rolán, 1997
- Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
- Conus sandwichensis Walls, 1978
- Conus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834
- Conus saragasae Rolán, 1986
- Conus sargenti (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus sauros Garcia, 2006
- Conus sazanka Shikama, 1970
- Conus scalaris Valenciennes, 1832
- Conus scalarispira (Bozzetti, 2012)
- Conus scalarissimus da Motta, 1988
- Conus scalptus Reeve, 1843
- Conus scariphus Dall, 1910
- Conus schirrmeisteri Coltro, 2004
- Conus scopulicola (Okutani, 1972)
- Conus scopulorum van Mol, Tursch & Kempf, 1971
- Conus scottjordani (Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012)
- Conus sculletti Marsh, 1962
- Conus sculpturatus Röckel & da Motta, 1986
- Conus serranegrae Rolán, 1990
- Conus sertacinctus Rockel , 1986
- Conus shaskyi (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
- Conus shikamai Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils, 1985
- Conus sieboldii Reeve, 1848
- Conus simonis Bozzetti, 2010
- Conus skoglundae (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
- Conus smirna Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
- Conus sogodensis (Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012)
- Conus solangeae Bozzetti, 2004
- Conus solomonensis Delsaerdt , 1992
- Conus somalicus (Bozzetti, 2013)
- Conus sorenseni Sander, 1982
- Conus spektrum Linné, 1758
- Conus sphacelatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus spiceri Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
- Conus spirophilis Habe & Kosuge, 1970
- Conus splendidulus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus sponsalis Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791
- Conus stanfieldi Petuch, 1998
- Conus stearnsii Conrad, 1869
- Conus stercusmuscarum Linné, 1758
- Conus stigmaticus A. Adams, 1855
- Conus stimpsoni Dall, 1902
- Conus stocki Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1990
- Conus stramineus Lamarck, 1810
- Conus straturatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1865
- Conus striatellus Link, 1807
- Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus striolatus Kiener, 1845
- Conus stúpa (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus stupella (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus submarginatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1870
- Conus suduirauti Raybaudi Massilia, 2004
- Conus sugimotonis Kuroda, 1928
- Conus sukhadwalai Röckel & da Motta, 1983
- Conus sulcatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus sulcocastaneus Kosuge, 1981
- Conus sunderlandi Petuch, 1987
- Conus suratensis Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus sutanorcum Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus suturatus Reeve, 1844
- Conus swainsoni Estival & Cosel, 1986
- Conus sydneyensis G. B. Sowerby III, 1887
- Conus tabidus Reeve, 1844
- Conus tacomae Boyer & Pelorce, 2009
- Conus taeniatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus tagaroae (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2013)
- Conus taslei Kiener, 1850
- Conus telatus Reeve, 1848
- Conus tenuilineatus Rolán & Röckel, 2001
- Conus tenuistriatus Sowerby II, 1858
- Conus teodorae Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
- Conus teramachii (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus terebra Narozen 1778
- Conus terryni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
- Conus tessulatus Narozen 1778
- Conus tethys (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
- Conus tevesi Trovao, 1978
- Conus textil Linné, 1758
- Conus thalassiarchus G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
- Conus therriaulti (Petuch, 2013)
- Conus thevenardensis da Motta, 1987
- Conus thomae Gmelin, 1791
- Conus tiaratus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus tiki Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus timorensis Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus tinianus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus tirardi Rockel & Moolenbeek, 1996
- Conus tisii T. C. Lan, 1978
- Conus tornatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- Conus traillii A. Adams, 1855
- Conus traversianus E. A. Smith, 1875
- Conus trencarti Nolf & Verstraeten, 2008
- Conus tribblei Walls, 1977
- Conus trigonus Reeve, 1848
- Conus trochulus Reeve, 1844
- Conus troendlei Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
- Conus trovaoi Rolán & Röckel, 2000
- Conus tuberculosus Tomlin, 1937
- Conus tulipa Linné, 1758
- Conus tuticorinensis Rockel & Korn, 1990
- Conus typphon Kilburn, 1975
- Conus unifasciatus Kiener, 1850
- Conus vanhyningi Rehder, 1944
- Conus vappereaui Monteiro, 2009
- Conus variegatus Kiener, 1845
- Conus varius Linné, 1758
- Conus vaubani Rockel & Moolenbeek, 1995
- Conus vautieri Kiener, 1845
- Conus vayssierei Pallary, 1906
- Conus velaensis Petuch, 1993
- Conus venezuelanus Petuch, 1987
- Conus ventricosus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus venulatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus verdensis Trovao, 1979
- Conus vexillum Gmelin, 1791
- Conus victoriae Reeve, 1843
- Conus vicweei Old, 1973
- Conus vidua Reeve, 1843
- Conus villepinii P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1857
- Conus vimineus Reeve, 1849
- Conus viola Černohorský, 1977
- Conus violaceus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus virgatus Reeve, 1849
- Conus virgo Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus visagenus Kilburn, 1974
- Conus visseri Delsaerdt , 1990
- Conus vittatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus voluminalis Reeve, 1843
- Conus vulcanus Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
- Conus wakayamaensis (Kuroda, 1956)
- Conus wallacei (Lorenz & Morrison, 2004)
- Conus wallangra (Garrard, 1961)
- Conus wilsi Delsaerdt , 1998
- Conus wittigi Walls, 1977
- Conus worki Petuch, 1998
- Conus xanthicus Dall, 1910
- Conus xanthocinctus Petuch, 1986
- Conus xicoi Rockel , 1987
- Conus ximenes Grey, 1839
- Conus jemenensis Bondarev, 1997
- Conus zandbergeni Filmer & Moolenbeek, 2010
- Conus zapatosensis Röckel , 1987
- Conus zebra Lamarck, 1810
- Conus zebroides Kiener, 1845
- Conus zeylanicus Gmelin, 1791
- Conus ziczac Mühlfeld, 1816
- Conus zonatus Hwass v Bruguière, 1792
- Conus zylmanae Petuch, 1998
Poznámky
- ↑ Web Conus o biodiverzitě . Získáno 31. července 2012. Archivováno z originálu 16. června 2010. (neurčitý)
- ↑ MJ Tenorio, AJ Monteiro (2008): Čeleď Conidae. Jihoafrický druh Conus. GT Poppe, K. Groh (eds): A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: ConchBooks.
- ↑ GM Branch, CL Griffiths, ML Branch, LE Beckley, (2010): Dva oceány: průvodce mořským životem jižní Afriky. Kapské Město: Struik Nature. ISBN 978-1-77007-772-0 .
- ↑ AJ Monteiro, MJ Tenorio, GT Poppe (2004): Čeleď Conidae. Západoafrický a středomořský druh Conus. In: GT Poppe, K. Groh (eds): A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: ConchBooks.
- ↑ MJ Tenorio, JK Tucker, HW Chaney (2012): The Families Conilithidae a Conidae. Kužely východního Pacifiku. In: GT Poppe, K. Groh (eds): A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: ConchBooks.
- ↑ 1 2 Alan J. Kohn (1994): Ekologie Conus na Havaji . In: E. Alison Kay (ed.): Přirozená historie Havajských ostrovů: vybraná četba II. 210-254.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Alan J. Kohn (1956): Rybožraví plži rodu Conus . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 42(3), 168-171.
- ↑ J. Nybakken, F. Perron (1988): Ontogenetická změna raduly Conus magus. Mořská biologie 98, 239-242.
- ↑ Conus geographus . Získáno 31. července 2012. Archivováno z originálu dne 28. července 2020. (neurčitý)
- ↑ Conus marmoreus . Získáno 31. července 2012. Archivováno z originálu dne 28. července 2020. (neurčitý)
- ↑ Conus textilie . Datum přístupu: 31. července 2012. Archivováno z originálu 24. října 2013. (neurčitý)
- ↑ WoRMS - Světový registr mořských druhů - Conus Linnaeus, 1758 . Získáno 2. června 2022. Archivováno z originálu dne 25. března 2022. (neurčitý)